Pituitary adenoma is a type of tumor that develops in the pituitary gland, a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors are usually benign, meaning they are non-cancerous, but they can cause various symptoms by either producing too much or too little of certain hormones. Pituitary adenomas can be classified based on their size and hormone production, with some tumors being macroadenomas (larger than 10 mm) and others being microadenomas (smaller than 10 mm). Depending on the type of hormones they produce, pituitary adenomas can cause a variety of symptoms, such as changes in growth, metabolism, reproductive function, and stress response. Treatment for pituitary adenomas typically involves a combination of medication, surgery, and radiation therapy, depending on the size and hormone production of the tumor. Early detection and treatment of pituitary adenomas are crucial in order to prevent complications and improve the patient's overall quality of life.